Arrow Functions are a new syntax for short anonymous functions introduced in PHP 7.4.
Anonymous functions, if you're not familiar with them, are special functions written inside other sections of your code that you can pass around kind of like variables.
Usually these functions are very short and purpose-built. They're not supposed to contain a huge amount of logic.
Where arrow functions stand out is that they allow you to write concise single-operation anonymous functions like you might use when doing sorting or map/reduce operations.